injury, sore

Musa x paradisiaca

(In territories with significant traditional TRAMIL use)

Barbados:

  • banana

Haiti:

  • bannan matenten

Dominican Republic:

  • rulo
Significant uses found by the TRAMIL surveys

  fruit peel sap (latex) ("mancha"), applied locally2-3

Recommendations Preparation and Dosage References

According to the information available:

The use for asthenia and weakness is classified as REC based on the significant traditional use documented in the TRAMIL surveys and the scientific information published.

If deterioration is observed in the patient or the asthenia or weakness persists for more than 7 days in adults and 2 days in children, seek medical attention.

The use for diarrhoea is classified as REC based on the significant traditional use documented in the TRAMIL surveys, the toxicity studies and the scientific information published.

The use of this resource in cases of diarrhoea should be considered complementary to oral rehydration therapy. If deterioration is observed in the patient (dehydration with dry tongue, decreased skin turgor, oliguria or crying without tears), seek immediate medical attention. If the diarrhoea persists for more than 3 days in adults or more than 2 days in children older than 3 years of age, seek medical attention.

The use for wounds, sores, inflammation and rheumatism is classified as REC based on the traditional experience in the documented significant use in the TRAMIL surveys, the validation and the toxicity studies.

All topical application must follow strict hygiene measures in order to prevent contamination or additional infection.

If deterioration is observed in the patient, seek medical attention. Not for use in children under 6 months.

The fruit of Musa x paradisiaca is a relatively widespread food for human consumption and the leaf of the plant is used in food production.

For asthenia or weakness:

prepare a broth with the pulp of 1 green fruit chopped in 3 cups (¾ litre) of water with ¾ teaspoon of salt (3 grams), boil for 10 minutes in a covered container. Allow to cool and drink 1 cup of the broth and/or consume ½ cooked fruit twice a day.

 

For diarrhoea:

ingest the pulp of 1 boiled green fruit or ½ teaspoon (2.5 cc) of the stem latex with a pinch of salt, 2 to 3 times a day for 3 days.

For injuries or sores:

wash and peel the fruit adequately to obtain the pulp and/or collect the latex from the peel (= shell = epicarp) of the fruit of the green banana, both in sufficient quantities to cover the injury; grate the pulp and apply to the injury previously washed with boiled water and soap, or apply the collected latex directly, cover with a clean dressing or cloth and change every 4 hours.

 

For inflammation:

prepare a decoction with 100-200 grams of chopped leaves in 4 cups (1 litre) of water, boil for 10 minutes in a covered vessel. Allow to cool, strain (filter) and wash or bathe the affected area 2 or 3 times a day21.

For rheumatism:

wash 1 leaf adequately, heat it by passing it over a flame, take the amount necessary to cover the affected area and apply to the area 4 times a day.

 

Preparations must never be stored for more than 24 hours, even if refrigerated.

1 SIMMONDS NW, 1962
The evolution of the bananas. London, England: Longmans, Green & Co. Ltd. p170.

2 WENIGER B, ROUZIER M, 1986
Enquête TRAMIL. Service Oecuménique d'Entraide SOE, Port au Prince, Haïti.

3 FAUJOUR A, MURREY D, CHELTENHAM-CORBIN B, CARRINGTON S, 2003
TRAMIL survey. enda-caribbean, IICA & UAG, Saint Thomas, Barbados.

4 GERMOSEN-ROBINEAU L, GERONIMO M, AMPARO C, 1984
Encuesta TRAMIL. enda-caribe, Santo Domingo, Rep. Dominicana.

5 PALMER J, WYMAN H, 1965
Organic acids in banana leaves. Phytochemistry 4(2):305-309.

6 WONG W, 1976
Some folk medicinal plants from Trinidad. Econ Bot 30:103-142.

7 DUTTA PK, DAS AK, BANERJI N, 1983
A tetracyclic triterpenoid from Musa paradisiaca. Phytochemistry22(11):2563-2564.

8 WILLAMAN JJ, HUI-LIN L, 1970
Alkaloid-bearing plants and their contained alkaloids, 1957-1968. Lloydia33(3A)Supp.

9 FRIESE FW, 1934
Plantas medicinais brasileiras. Sao Paulo, Brasil: Inst Agro do Estado Sao Paulo. p252-494.

10 DUKE JA, ATCHLEY AA, 1986
Handbook of proximate analysis tables of higher plants.Boca Raton, USA: CRC Press.

11 MORON FJ, GARCIA AI, VICTORIA MC, MOREJON Z, LOPEZ M, BACALLAO Y, FUENTES V, 2008
Acción analgésica oral de la decocción de hojas frescas de Musa x paradisiaca L. (plátano) en ratones. Trabajo TRAMIL. Laboratorio Central de Farmacología. Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de La Habana, Cuba.

12 FRIAS AI, GARCIA N, MOREJON Z, MORON F, VICTORIA MC, 2009
Efecto antiinflamatorio tópico de la decocción de hojas frescas de Musa x paradisiaca L. (plátano) en el edema de la oreja inducido por aceite de Croton en ratones. Trabajo TRAMIL. Laboratorio Central de Farmacología. Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de La Habana, Cuba.

13 MORON FJ, MOREJON Z, VICTORIA MC, BACALLAO Y, FUENTES V, 2009
Acción sobre el tránsito intestinal del zumo fresco del fruto maduro de Musa x paradisiaca L. (plátano) en ratones. Trabajo TRAMIL. Laboratorio Central de Farmacología. Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de La Habana, Cuba.

14 RICHTER E, VORE L, 1989
Antimicrobial activity of banana puree. Food Microbiol 6(3):179-187.

15 ALONSO J, 1998
Tratado de fitomedicina: bases clínicas y farmacológicas. Buenos Aires, Argentina: ISIS ediciones SRL. p125-126.

16 NEGWER M, 1987
Organic chemical drugs and their synonyms (an international survey). 6th ed. Berlin, Germany: Akademie Verlag.

17 CARBALLO A, 1995
Plantas medicinales del Escambray cubano. Informe TRAMIL. Laboratorio provincial de producción de medicamentos, Sancti Spiritus, Cuba.

18 PAZOS L, COTO T, CAIZA F, 2009
Irritación dérmica, piel lesionada en conejos, de la savia del fruto verde de Musa paradisiaca. Informe TRAMIL. Laboratorio de Ensayos Biológicos, LEBi, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro, Costa Rica.

19 PAZOS L, COTO T, CAIZA F, 2009
Irritación dérmica, piel lesionada en conejos, del mesodermo del fruto maduro de Musa paradisiaca. Informe TRAMIL. Laboratorio de Ensayos Biológicos, LEBi, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro, Costa Rica.

20 PAZOS L, COTO T, CAIZA F, 2009
Irritación dérmica, piel sana en conejos, porción de hoja calentada de Musa paradisiaca. Informe TRAMIL. Laboratorio de Ensayos Biológicos, LEBi, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro, Costa Rica.

21 CARBALLO A, 1995
Cálculo de concentración y dosis de las drogas vegetales TRAMIL: Mensuraciones farmacognósticas y aproximaciones técnico-clínicas. Laboratorio provincial de producción de medicamentos, Sancti Spiritus, Cuba.

Musa x paradisiaca

(In territories with significant traditional TRAMIL use)

Barbados:

  • banana

Haiti:

  • bannan matenten

Dominican Republic:

  • rulo
Significant uses found by the TRAMIL surveys

  fruit pulp, natural, applied locally2

Recommendations Preparation and Dosage References

According to the information available:

The use for asthenia and weakness is classified as REC based on the significant traditional use documented in the TRAMIL surveys and the scientific information published.

If deterioration is observed in the patient or the asthenia or weakness persists for more than 7 days in adults and 2 days in children, seek medical attention.

The use for diarrhoea is classified as REC based on the significant traditional use documented in the TRAMIL surveys, the toxicity studies and the scientific information published.

The use of this resource in cases of diarrhoea should be considered complementary to oral rehydration therapy. If deterioration is observed in the patient (dehydration with dry tongue, decreased skin turgor, oliguria or crying without tears), seek immediate medical attention. If the diarrhoea persists for more than 3 days in adults or more than 2 days in children older than 3 years of age, seek medical attention.

The use for wounds, sores, inflammation and rheumatism is classified as REC based on the traditional experience in the documented significant use in the TRAMIL surveys, the validation and the toxicity studies.

All topical application must follow strict hygiene measures in order to prevent contamination or additional infection.

If deterioration is observed in the patient, seek medical attention. Not for use in children under 6 months.

The fruit of Musa x paradisiaca is a relatively widespread food for human consumption and the leaf of the plant is used in food production.

For asthenia or weakness:

prepare a broth with the pulp of 1 green fruit chopped in 3 cups (¾ litre) of water with ¾ teaspoon of salt (3 grams), boil for 10 minutes in a covered container. Allow to cool and drink 1 cup of the broth and/or consume ½ cooked fruit twice a day.

 

For diarrhoea:

ingest the pulp of 1 boiled green fruit or ½ teaspoon (2.5 cc) of the stem latex with a pinch of salt, 2 to 3 times a day for 3 days.

For injuries or sores:

wash and peel the fruit adequately to obtain the pulp and/or collect the latex from the peel (= shell = epicarp) of the fruit of the green banana, both in sufficient quantities to cover the injury; grate the pulp and apply to the injury previously washed with boiled water and soap, or apply the collected latex directly, cover with a clean dressing or cloth and change every 4 hours.

 

For inflammation:

prepare a decoction with 100-200 grams of chopped leaves in 4 cups (1 litre) of water, boil for 10 minutes in a covered vessel. Allow to cool, strain (filter) and wash or bathe the affected area 2 or 3 times a day21.

For rheumatism:

wash 1 leaf adequately, heat it by passing it over a flame, take the amount necessary to cover the affected area and apply to the area 4 times a day.

 

Preparations must never be stored for more than 24 hours, even if refrigerated.

1 SIMMONDS NW, 1962
The evolution of the bananas. London, England: Longmans, Green & Co. Ltd. p170.

2 WENIGER B, ROUZIER M, 1986
Enquête TRAMIL. Service Oecuménique d'Entraide SOE, Port au Prince, Haïti.

3 FAUJOUR A, MURREY D, CHELTENHAM-CORBIN B, CARRINGTON S, 2003
TRAMIL survey. enda-caribbean, IICA & UAG, Saint Thomas, Barbados.

4 GERMOSEN-ROBINEAU L, GERONIMO M, AMPARO C, 1984
Encuesta TRAMIL. enda-caribe, Santo Domingo, Rep. Dominicana.

5 PALMER J, WYMAN H, 1965
Organic acids in banana leaves. Phytochemistry 4(2):305-309.

6 WONG W, 1976
Some folk medicinal plants from Trinidad. Econ Bot 30:103-142.

7 DUTTA PK, DAS AK, BANERJI N, 1983
A tetracyclic triterpenoid from Musa paradisiaca. Phytochemistry22(11):2563-2564.

8 WILLAMAN JJ, HUI-LIN L, 1970
Alkaloid-bearing plants and their contained alkaloids, 1957-1968. Lloydia33(3A)Supp.

9 FRIESE FW, 1934
Plantas medicinais brasileiras. Sao Paulo, Brasil: Inst Agro do Estado Sao Paulo. p252-494.

10 DUKE JA, ATCHLEY AA, 1986
Handbook of proximate analysis tables of higher plants.Boca Raton, USA: CRC Press.

11 MORON FJ, GARCIA AI, VICTORIA MC, MOREJON Z, LOPEZ M, BACALLAO Y, FUENTES V, 2008
Acción analgésica oral de la decocción de hojas frescas de Musa x paradisiaca L. (plátano) en ratones. Trabajo TRAMIL. Laboratorio Central de Farmacología. Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de La Habana, Cuba.

12 FRIAS AI, GARCIA N, MOREJON Z, MORON F, VICTORIA MC, 2009
Efecto antiinflamatorio tópico de la decocción de hojas frescas de Musa x paradisiaca L. (plátano) en el edema de la oreja inducido por aceite de Croton en ratones. Trabajo TRAMIL. Laboratorio Central de Farmacología. Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de La Habana, Cuba.

13 MORON FJ, MOREJON Z, VICTORIA MC, BACALLAO Y, FUENTES V, 2009
Acción sobre el tránsito intestinal del zumo fresco del fruto maduro de Musa x paradisiaca L. (plátano) en ratones. Trabajo TRAMIL. Laboratorio Central de Farmacología. Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de La Habana, Cuba.

14 RICHTER E, VORE L, 1989
Antimicrobial activity of banana puree. Food Microbiol 6(3):179-187.

15 ALONSO J, 1998
Tratado de fitomedicina: bases clínicas y farmacológicas. Buenos Aires, Argentina: ISIS ediciones SRL. p125-126.

16 NEGWER M, 1987
Organic chemical drugs and their synonyms (an international survey). 6th ed. Berlin, Germany: Akademie Verlag.

17 CARBALLO A, 1995
Plantas medicinales del Escambray cubano. Informe TRAMIL. Laboratorio provincial de producción de medicamentos, Sancti Spiritus, Cuba.

18 PAZOS L, COTO T, CAIZA F, 2009
Irritación dérmica, piel lesionada en conejos, de la savia del fruto verde de Musa paradisiaca. Informe TRAMIL. Laboratorio de Ensayos Biológicos, LEBi, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro, Costa Rica.

19 PAZOS L, COTO T, CAIZA F, 2009
Irritación dérmica, piel lesionada en conejos, del mesodermo del fruto maduro de Musa paradisiaca. Informe TRAMIL. Laboratorio de Ensayos Biológicos, LEBi, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro, Costa Rica.

20 PAZOS L, COTO T, CAIZA F, 2009
Irritación dérmica, piel sana en conejos, porción de hoja calentada de Musa paradisiaca. Informe TRAMIL. Laboratorio de Ensayos Biológicos, LEBi, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro, Costa Rica.

21 CARBALLO A, 1995
Cálculo de concentración y dosis de las drogas vegetales TRAMIL: Mensuraciones farmacognósticas y aproximaciones técnico-clínicas. Laboratorio provincial de producción de medicamentos, Sancti Spiritus, Cuba.

Senna occidentalis

(In territories with significant traditional TRAMIL use)

Dominican Republic:

  • brusca

Dominica:

  • café moucha

Guatemala:

  • frijolillo

Honduras:

  • frijolillo

Haiti:

  • terrier rouge
Significant uses found by the TRAMIL surveys

seed, mashed, applied locally as cataplasm4

Recommendations Preparation and Dosage References

According to the information available:

The use of the leaves for skin conditions, stomach pain, fever, jaundice and poor blood quality, and of the seeds for sores and tinea is classified as REC based on the significant traditional use documented in the TRAMIL surveys, the toxicity studies and the scientific information published.

Use of the leaves for headaches, body pain and sore throats is classified as REC based on the significant traditional use documented in TRAMIL surveys and toxicity studies.

If deterioration is observed in the patient and the headache of fever persist for more than 2 days, the stomach pain, sore throat or jaundice for more than 3 days, or the skin condition, sores, tinea for more than 5 days, seek medical attention.

Due to the health risk of jaundice, an initial medical assessment is recommended. The use of this resource must be considered complementary to medical treatment, unless contraindicated.

All topical application must follow strict hygiene measures that prevent contamination or additional infection.

Not for use during pregnancy, breastfeeding or in children under 3 years.

For skin conditions, sores or tinea:

clean the wound with boiled water and soap. Wash 1 leaf adequately before removing the leaflets from it, crush them and apply locally in sufficient quantities to cover the affected area. Cover with a dressing or clean cloth and change 3-4 times a day.

For body aches, fever or jaundice:

prepare a decoction with 30 grams of leaves in 4 cups (1 litre) of water, boil for 5 minutes in a covered vessel. Cool, strain (filter) and drink 1 cup 3 times a day36.

For stomach pain: prepare a decoction or infusion. For the decoction, boil for 10 minutes in a covered vessel with 15 grams of fresh leaves and 15 grams of roots in 4 cups (1 litre) of water. For the infusion, add 4 cups (1 litre) of boiling water to 30 grams of leaves and cover. Leave to cool, strain (filter) and drink 1 cup 3 times a day.

For headaches:

wash 1-2 leaves adequately, squeeze lightly and apply as a poultice on the forehead or head. Cover with a bandage or a handkerchief. Repeat 4 times a day.

 

Preparations must never be stored for more than 24 hours, even if refrigerated.

 

1 GERMOSEN-ROBINEAU L, GERONIMO M, AMPARO C, 1984
Encuesta TRAMIL. enda-caribe, Santo Domingo, Rep. Dominicana.

2 CHARLES C, 1988
TRAMIL survey. Movement for Cultural Awareness MCA, Roseau, Dominica.

3 LAGOS-WITTE S, 1988-89, 1996
Encuesta TRAMIL. Laboratorio de Histología Vegetal y Etnobotánica, Departamento de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras UNAH, Tegucigalpa, Honduras.

4 GIRON L, 1988
Encuesta TRAMIL (Costa atlántica). Centro Mesoamericano de Tecnología CEMAT, Guatemala, Guatemala.

5 WENIGER B, ROUZIER M, 1986
Enquête TRAMIL. Service Oecuménique d'Entraide SOE, Port au Prince, Haïti.

6 TIWARI RD, SINGH J, 1977
Anthraquinone pigments from Cassia occidentalis. Planta Med Suppl 32(4):375-377.

7 RAI PP, SHOK M, 1983
Anthraquinone glycosides from plant parts of Cassia occidentalis. Indian J Pharm Sci 45(2):87-88.

8 ANTON R, DUQUENOIS P, 1968
Contribution à l'étude chimique du Cassia occidentalis L. Annales Pharmaceutiques Françaises 26(2):673-680.

9 TIWARI RD, SINGH J, 1977
Flavonoids from the leaves of Cassia occidentalis. Phytochemistry 16(7):1107-1108.

10 MAJUMDAR SG, BASAK B, LASKAR S, 1987
Surface hydrocarbons from the leaves of some Cassia species. J Indian Chem Soc 64(4):259-260.

11 ALVES AC, 1964
Pharmacological study of the root of Cassia occidentalis. An Fac Farm Porto 24:65-119.

12 WADER GR, KUDAV NA, 1987
Chemical investigation of Cassia occidentalis Linn. with special reference to isolation of xanthones from Cassia spp. Indian J of Chemisitry 26(B7):703.

13 KUDAV NA, KULKARNI A,B 1974
Chemical investigation on Cassia occidentalis. II. Isolation of islandicin, helminthosporine, xanthonin and NMR spectral studies of cassiollin and its derivatives. Indian J Chem 12:1042-1044.

14 LAL-JAWAHAR, GUPTA-PURAN-CHANDRA, 1973
Physcion and phytosterol from the roots of Cassia occidentalis. Phytochemistry 12(5):1186.

15 GARCIA GM, COTO MT, GONZALEZ CS, OCAMPO R, PAZOS L, 2001
Tránsito intestinal en ratones, con extracto acuoso de raíz fresca de Senna occidentalis. Informe TRAMIL. Laboratorio de Ensayos Biológicos LEBi, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro, Costa Rica.

16 CACERES A, LOPEZ BR, GIRON MA, LOGEMANN H, 1991
Plants used in Guatemala for the treatment of dermatophytic infections. 1. Screening for antimycotic activity of 44 plant extracts. J Ethnopharmacol 31(3):263-276.

17 CACERES A, MENENDEZ H, MENDEZ E, COHOBON E, SAMAYAO BE, JAUREGUI E, PERALTA E, CARRILLO G, 1995
Antigonorrhoeal activity of plants used in Guatemala for the treatment of sexually transmitted diseases. J Ethnopharmacol 48(2):85-88.

18 PEREZ C, SUAREZ C, 1997
Antifungal activity of plant extracts against Candida albicans. Amer J Chinese Med 25(2):181-184.

19 HUSSAIN HS, DEENI YY, 1991
Plants in Kano ethomedicine; screening for antimicrobial activity and alkaloids. Int J Pharmacog 29(1):51-56.

20 SCHMEDA-HIRSCHMANN G, ROJAS DE ARIAS A, 1992
A screening method for natural products on triatomine bugs. Phytother Res 6(2):68-73.

21 TONA L, NGIMBI NP, TSAKALA M, MESIA K, CIMANGA K, ASPERS S, DE BRUYNE T, PIETERS L, TOTTE J, VLIETINCK AJ, 1999
Antimalarial activity of 20 crude extracts from nine African medicinal plants used in Kinshasa, Congo. J Ethnopharmacol 68(1/3):193-203.

22 SADIQUE J, CHANDRA T, THENMOZHI V, ELANGO V, 1987
Biochemical modes of action of Cassia occidentalis and Cardiospermum halicacabum in inflammation. J Ethnopharmacol 19(2):201-212.

23 SARAF S, DIXIT VK, TRIPATHI SC, PATNAIK GK, 1994
Antihepatotoxic activity of Cassia occidentalis. Int J Pharmacog 32(2):178-183.

24 JAFRI MA, JALIS SUBHANI M, JAVED K, SINGH S, 1999
Hepatoprotective activity of leaves of Cassia occidentalis against paracetamol and ethyl alcohol intoxication in rats. J Ethnopharmacol 66(3):355-361.

25 FENG PC, HAYNES LJ, MAGNUS KE, PLIMMER JR, SHERRAT HS, 1962
Pharmacological screening of some West Indian medicinal plants. J Pharm Pharmacol 14:556-561.

26 GARCIA GM, COTO MT, GONZALEZ CS, PAZOS L, 1998
Toxicidad sub-crónica en ratones, del extracto acuoso de hojas frescas de Senna occidentalis. Informe TRAMIL. Laboratorio de Ensayos Biológicos LEBi, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro, Costa Rica.

27 GARCIA GM, COTO MT, GONZALEZ CS, PAZOS L, 1998
Toxicidad sub-crónica en ratones, del extracto acuoso de raíz fresca de Senna occidentalis. Informe TRAMIL. Laboratorio de Ensayos Biológicos LEBi, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro, Costa Rica.

28 GONZALEZ A, ALFONSO H, 1990
Evaluación de la toxicidad dérmica de Momordica charantia L. y Cassia occidentalis L. en conejo y cobayo. Informe TRAMIL. Centro Nacional de Salud Animal, La Habana, Cuba. 

29 PAZOS L, COTO T, GONZALEZ S, 2003
Estudio de irritabilidad dérmica, en piel lesionada de conejo, de hoja fresca de Senna occidentalis. Informe TRAMIL. Laboratorio de Ensayos Biológicos LEBi, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro, Costa Rica.

30 PAZOS L, COTO T, GONZALEZ S, 2003
Irritabilidad de la mucosa en conejo, de raíz fresca de Senna occidentalis. Informe TRAMIL. Laboratorio de Ensayos Biológicos LEBi, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro, Costa Rica.

31 PAZOS L, COTO T, GONZALEZ S, 2003
Irritabilidad de la mucosa en conejo, de semillas frescas de Senna occidentalis. Informe TRAMIL. Laboratorio de Ensayos Biológicos LEBi, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro, Costa Rica.

32 O'HARA P, PIERCE K, 1974
A toxic cardiomyopathy caused by Cassia occidentalis. II Biochemical studies in poisoned rabbits. Vet Pathol 11(2):110-124.

33 COLVIN BM, HARRISON LR, SANGSTER LT, GOSSER HS, 1986
Cassia occidentalis toxicosis in growing pigs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 189(4):423-426.

34 MARTINS E, MARTINS VM, RIET F, SONCINI RA, PARABONI SV, 1986
Intoxicação por Cassia occidentalis (Leguminosae) em suínos. Pesq Vet Bras 6(2):35-38.

35 BARTH AT, KOMMERS GO, SALLES MS, WOUTERS F, DE BARROS CS, 1994
Coffee senna (Senna occidentalis) poisoning in cattle in Brazil. Vet Hum Toxicol 36(6):541-545.

36 ALBORNOZ A, 1993
Medicina Tradicional Herbaria. Caracas, Venezuela: Editorial Instituto Farmacoterápico Latino S.A. p174.