Perennial herbaceous up to 1 m. Suborbicular leaves, ovate or oval, 2 to 5 cm, apex obtuse to round and sometimes acute, base rounded; they are paler on the underside. Fascicles of flowers arranged in a long panicle, minute flowers, with the calyx from 1.5 to 2 mm and the blade from 0.8 to 0.9 mm in heads forming peaks; purplish-red perianth. Obovoid fruit, 2.5 to 3 mm, 5-angular.

Herbaceous biennial or annual, acaulescent, with red-purple succulent root. Ovate to ovate-oblong leaves, long petiolate, green, red or purple, forming a rosette on the ground. Scape of up to 2 m with numerous flowers grouped in a large and diffuse panicle. Fruits joined in groups of two or more.

Tree of up to 13 m in height. Single, alternate, membranaceous, lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, acute to acuminate leaves, 10 to 20 cm long and 2 to 5 cm wide. Short, lateral, internodal inflorescences, with few yellowish green flowers; pedicels 1.6-2.4 cm long, outer petals 1.5-2.5 cm. Syncarpous, subglobose fruit, reddish when ripe, up to 12 cm in diameter, yellowish, sweet or tasteless and aromatic flesh; numerous, black, shiny seeds.

Herbaceous annual, creeping or ascending, with slightly angular stems. Simple or ramified tendrils. Pubescent, serrate leaves with 5 to 7 acute or obtuse lobes. Unisexual flowers, axillary,
solitary; orange-yellow corolla of up to 15 cm. Globose fruit, sometimes cylindrical, pyriform or conical, green, yellow or orange, often grooved.

Solitary palm up to 30 m tall. Trunk stout, straight or leaning, prominently ringed; leaves pinnate 3-6 m long, pinnae numerous, somewhat drooping in one plane, stiff linear acuminate 50 -70 cm long; inflorescence in the axis of the leaves; male flowers, creamy-white 0.7 – 1.3 cm x 0.5 - 0.7 cm, female flowers 20-40, globose 2.5 –3 cm in diameter; fruit ovoid, slightly triangular, 30 cm long and 20 cm in diameter with a white fleshy endosperm.

Small tree with irregular branches, armed with thick, rigid and sharp thorns. Leaves 5 to 7.5 cm long, elliptic-oval, crenate; winged petioles. White flowers, 2 cm long. Round fruits from 3 to 6 cm, greenish yellowish, with abundant acid pulp. Small white seeds, oval.

Herbaceous climber with a 5 to 6 m long ribbed stem. Leaves biternate, folioles ovate or lanceolate, acute or acuminate, serrated or lobed. Umbelliform inflorescence with long peduncles and white flowers of 4 to 5 mm. Subglobose capsule from 3 to 4 cm; black seeds from 4 to 5 mm.