Tree, up to 30 m high, bark fissured, with milky white latex.  Leaves, simple, alternate, blades oblanceolate, 10-60 x 4.5-5 cm, apex acuminate, base cuneate, glabrous above, pubescent beneath; inflorescence in clusters at defoliated nodes or cauliflorus; flowers white with corolla 9-10 mm long; fruit ellipsoid, ovoid or subglobose 8-20 cm long, brown, rough; seeds solitary, broadly obovate, deep brown to black and shiny.

Shrub or small tree of up to 12 m, young (green) branches armed with straight thorns. Petiolate, compound, glabrous
leaves; 1 to 3 pairs of pines; with leaflets of 12 to 20 pairs perpinna, sessile, linear-oblong. Yellowish-green, sessile flowers in dense, cylindrical spikes, 5 to 10 cm long, pedunculate. Compressed, falcate, coriaceous, indehiscent pod; flattened,
oval, brown seeds.

Herbaceous annual or biannual from 20 to 80 cm high, stems with hirsute-glandular indumentum. Leaves narrowly sagittal, linear-lanceolate, acute or acuminate apex, margin generally revolute, green beam dense or sparsely hirsute-glandular, underside with woolly indumentum. Simple or corymbose glomerular inflorescence; yellow corolla sometimes with brown apex. Oblong or narrowly obovate, brownish achenes.

Tree or shrub of up to 10 m in height, with scaly bark Oppositeleaves, short-petiolate, elliptic to oblong, subcoriaceous, conspicuously imprinted veins on the upper side, prominent on the underside. Solitary white flowers or in groups of 2 or 3, on thin stems; numerous stamens. Edible fruit, globular or pyriform, yellow, 3 to 6 cm in diameter.

Erect herb, often with the appearance of a shrub. Orbicular, palmate-lobate leaves, lobes ovate-oblong or lanceolate, acuminate, irregularly dentate glandular. Terminal inflorescences, in pedunculate racemes, monoicous flowers, apetalous, the upper ones pistillate, the lower ones staminate. Capsule almost spherical, with soft spines, septicidal, with ellipsoid seeds.