Tree or shrub, armed with thick thorns. Leaves 5 to 7.5 cm, elliptic-oval, crenate, narrowly winged petiole. White flowers. Pale yellow, smooth fruit, 5 to 7 cm in diameter, flavourless juice.

Tree up to 6 m high with a round crown, long and flexible thorns. Leaves 7 to 10 cm, sharp to acuminate; petiole broadly winged. Medium sized, white axillary flowers. Fruit 7 to 8 cm in diameter, globose, somewhat flattened at the apex, with 10 to 12 segments; sour flesh.

Climbing plant, glabrous with tendrils; articulated branches. Alternate, simple, oblong to ovate leaves, up to 15 cm, densely pilose to glabrous, with a slightly serrated margin. Pedunculate cymes, yellow, highly ramified; small, green or yellow-green flowers. Ovoid or globose berries, purple to black, 8 to 10 mm, with a single seed.

Herbaceous climbing plant, pubescent to tomentose. Suborbicular or ovate leaves, 3.5 to 10 cm, rounded to emarginated, often peltate. Staminate inflorescence in corymbs up to 7 cm born in the axils of the leaves; green female flowers in racemes of up to 8 cm. Subglobose drupe (fruit), reddish from 3.5 to 4.5 mm in diameter.

8-15 m tree, very aromatic bark. Opposite and subopposite leaves, up to 15 cm, markedly trinerved from the base to near the apex, shiny in the beam, hairless, ovate to elliptic-lanceolate, rounded at the base. White-yellowish flowers in loose panicles. Fruits of 1.7 cm with a point.

Annual or perennial herb, upright, up to 1.5 m, very aromatic. Lanceolate to elliptic, sinuate-dentate, acute, up to 13 cm, glandular leaves. Flowers in dense clusters or in spikes; 3 to 5 sepals, ovate; petals absent. Small fruit inside the calyx with black seeds.

Woody climbing plant. Leaves ovate to lanceolate, acuminate or acute, from 6 to 18 cm. Axillary or terminal inflorescences of up to 20 cm; flowers 3 to 4 mm; white or greenish sepals, oval to oblong. 4 to 5 mm long globular to ovoid utricle; black lenticular or reniform seeds.