Hyptis verticillata

Scientific name: Hyptis verticillata Jacq.

Synonym: Condea verticillata (Jacq.) Harley & J.F.B.Pastore

Botanical family: LAMIACEAE

Vernacular names

(In territories with significant traditional TRAMIL use)

Nicaragua:

escobilla
hierba del dolor
trébol de monte

Panama:

hierba de zorra

Other vernacular names

Nicaragua:

Aras kasnin
Aras kasnin

Honduras:

Barrehorno

Panama:

Hierba de zorra

Haiti:

Zèb bourik
Zeb bourik
Zèb bourik

Geographical distribution

Widely distributed herb in tropical America.

Botanical description

Perennial herb or suffrutex from 1 to 3 m in height, with puberulent branches. Membranous leaves, 3 to 13 cm in length, opposite, lanceolate to elliptic lanceolate, serrate or subentire margin, pubescent to glabrous on both sides, with resinous spots. Verticillaster inflorescences in the axils of the upper leaves reduced, short or almost non-existent pedicels, forming interrupted spikes, paniculate, with 12 to 15 flowers; tubular calyx, 2 mm long; white to blue corolla, somewhat pubescent, 2 to 3 mm long. Fruits, 2 to 4 small ovoid-oblong nuts, 1.5 to 1.7 mm long.

Voucher(s)

Ochoa,243,HPMHV

FLORPAN,1928,PMA

Quesada,2842,HCR

For headaches:

prepare a decoction with 7-8 fresh leaves (2 grams) in 2 cups (500 millilitres) of water, boil for 10 minutes in an open vessel. Leave to cool, strain (filter) and drink 1 cup 2 times a day for a maximum of 2 days¹.

For stomach pain:

prepare a decoction with 15 grams of roots in 4 cups (1 litre) of water, boil for 10 minutes in a covered vessel. Leave to cool, strain (filter) and drink 1 cup 15 minutes before each meal.

Preparations must never be stored for more than 24 hours, even if refrigerated.

According to the information available:

The use for headaches is classified as REC based on the significant traditional use documented in TRAMIL surveys, toxicity and validation studies of oral use.

If deterioration is observed in the patient or if the headache persists for more than 2 days, seek medical attention.

The use for stomach pain is classified as REC based on the significant traditional use documented in TRAMIL surveys and toxicity studies.

If deterioration is observed in the patient or if the stomach pain persists for more than 3 days, seek medical attention.

Not for use during pregnancy, breastfeeding or in children under 12 years.

TRAMIL Work¹⁷

The aqueous extracts (decoction) from fresh leaves and fresh buds, freeze-dried, orally (1 g/kg), 5 consecutive days a week, for 55 days, in 10 NGP mice (5 males and 5 females), with an observation period of 14 days additional to the treatment, did not present mortality, nor obvious signs of toxicity.

TRAMIL Work¹²

The aqueous extract (decoction) 0.5 g/ml from dried leaves, applied topically to healthy skin (4 g/kg or 8 ml/kg) on the backs of 9 New Zealand albino rabbits of the UniValle strain, with the Draize method, modified by Finkelstein, did not induce local alterations suggesting skin toxicity.

TRAMIL Work¹⁸

The aqueous extract (decoction) from fresh roots, 1 ml/animal/5 days (4 mg ± 0.2 mg total solids/ml), orally, in Swiss mice (CD- 1, 5 males and 5 females with an average weight of 23.1 ± 0.83 g). The control was carried out with distilled water (1 ml/animal/day) in another 10 mice of the same strain and characteristics, the animals were observed for 10 days. No mortality occurred, nor were there any signs of toxicity. The macroscopic autopsy showed no alterations in the internal organs.

There is no information available documenting the safety of use during pregnancy, breastfeeding or in children.

Aerial parts contain lignans: hyptinin, podophyllotoxin, 4’- demethyl-podophyllotoxin^3-4, dehydro-β-peltatin methyl ether, apo-β-picropodophyllin, deoxy-picropodophyllin, 5-methoxy- dehydropodophyllotoxin, 4’demethyl-deoxy-podophyllotoxin, isodeoxypodophyllotoxin, (-)yatein⁵, dehydropodophyllotoxin, deoxy-dehydropodophyllotoxin^3-5, podorhizol, epipodorhizol³; triterpenes: maslinic, oleanolic, ursolic and 2-hydroxy-ursolic

acids⁵, (R)-5-hydroxy-pyrrolidin-2-one⁴, phenylpropanoids: rosmarinic acid^3-4 and flavonoid: sideritoflavone^3-5.

The essential oil of the aerial parts, obtained by hydrodistillation, contains: cadine-4,10(15)-dien-3-one (sesquiterpenoid) and aromadendr-1(10)-en-9-one (squamulosone) as major components⁶.

The shoot contains triterpenes: oleanolic acid, steroids: β-sitosterol⁷.

The stem and leaves contain lignans: β-peltatin, 4’demethyldeoxy-podophyllotoxin⁸.

The essential oil of the leaves contains monoterpenes: α and β- pinene, podorhizol, epipodorhizol, thymol⁹, cadinadienone and squamulosone¹⁰; sesquiterpenoids: cadine-4,10(15)-dien- 3- one (15.1 ml) and aromadendr-1(10)-en-9-one (squamulosone) (30.7%)¹⁰.

The following metabolites have been isolated from the root: 7- acetoxy-16-benzoxy-12-hydroxyabieta-8,12-dien-11,14-dione, 11,14 dihydroxy-12-methoxyabieta-8,11,13-triene-7-one, 11,14- dihydroxy-12-methoxy-18(4-->3betaH) abeo-abieta- 4(19),8,11,13-tetraene-7-one, 7-acetoxy-12-methoxyabieta- 8,12-diene-11,14-dione, royleanone, 7,6-dehydroroyleanone and 7-acetoxyhorminone¹¹.

TRAMIL Work¹²

The aqueous extract (50% decoction) from dried leaves, (1 g/ml, 300, 500, 1000 mg/kg) orally in albino mice, in the anti- inflammatory model by carrageenan injection, showed anti- inflammatory activity, comparable to the effects of dexamethasone.

TRAMIL Work¹³

The aqueous extract (30% decoction) from the dried aerial parts, topically (10 µl/each side of the right ear), in OF-1 mice (20-25 g), 6 males/group, in the Croton oil induced inflammation model (1% in acetone). The left ear received acetone (10 µl). A slight statistically significant inhibition of the inflammation of 15% was observed.

TRAMIL Work¹⁴

The aqueous extract (30% decoction) from the dried aerial parts (0.5, 1, 5 and 10 g of plant material/kg) orally in male OF-1 mice (20-25 g), 10 animals/group, intraperitoneal acetic acid (0.75%)- induced contortion model (0.1 ml/10 g) and tail removal by immersion in hot water (55 ^oC). Only the 10 g/kg dose showed significant analgesic activity in the contortion model, the remaining doses and model showed no response.

TRAMIL Works^15-¹⁶

The aqueous extract (decoction) from fresh roots, single dose 1 ml/animal (4.0 mg ± 0.2 mg total solids/ml) was administered orally to Swiss mice (CD-1, 15 males 22.06 ± 1.68 g and 10 females 17.10 ± 0. 53 g), in another test the same dose was administered daily for 6 consecutive days in 5 female mice (21.60 ± 0.40 g) and 5 males (25.20 ± 0.73 g), fasting for 6 hours, the negative control groups received 1 ml of distilled water per animal, with the same characteristics as the treated groups. In the intestinal transit model with activated carbon as a marker, measurement was made 1 hour after administration of the extract, and it did not statistically significantly modify the speed of intestinal transit.

Pharmacopoeia

Ed.3

References

SOLIS PN, CORREA M, GUPTA MP, 1995

Encuesta TRAMIL (Comunidades afro-caribeñas). Centro de Investigaciones Farmacognósticas de la Flora Panameña CIFLORPAN, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Panamá, Panamá, Panamá.

AKER CH, GARMENDIA M, DEVES R, FERNANDEZ P, FRITHZ E, HERNANDEZ M, SIMEON A, 2003

Encuesta TRAMIL (Bosawas). Departamento de Biologia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Nicaragua UNAN-León, León, Nicaragua.

KUHNT M, RIMPLER H, HEINRICH M, 1994

Lignans and other compounds from the mixe Indian medicinal plant Hyptis verticillata. Phytochemistry 36(2):485-489.

KUHNT M, PROBSTLE A, RIMPLER H, BAUER R, HEINRICH M, 1995

Biological and pharmacological activities and further constituents of Hyptis verticillata. Planta Med 61(3):227-232.

NOVELO M, CRUZ JG, HERNANDEZ L, PEREDA-MIRANDA R, CHAI H, MAR W, PEZZUTO JM, 1993

Cytotoxic constituents from Hyptis verticillata. J Nat Prod 56(10):1728-1736.

FACEY PC, PORTER RB, REESE PB, WILLIAMS LA, 2005

Biological activity and chemical composition of the essential oil from Jamaican Hyptis verticillata Jacq. J Agric Food Chem 53(12):4774-4777.

DOMINGUEZ XA, ALCORN JB, 1985

Screening of medicinal plants used by Huastec Mayans of Northeastern Mexico. J Ethnopharmacol 13(2):139-156.

GERMAN VF, 1971

Isolation and characterization of cytotoxic principles from Hyptis verticillata. J Pharm Sci 60(4):649-650.

DUKE J, 1992

Handbook of biologically active phytochemicals and their activities. Boca Ratón, USA: CRS Press, 183pp.

FACEY PC, PORTER RB, REESE PB, WILLIAMS LA, 2005

Biological activity and chemical composition of the essential oil from Jamaican Hyptis verticillata Jacq. J Agric Food Chem 53(12):4774-4777.

PORTER RB, BIGGS DA, REYNOLDS WF, 2009

Abietane diterpeniods from Hyptis verticillata. Nat Prod Commun 4(1):15-18.

HERRERA J, 1992

Determinación de parámetros farmacológicos usados en medicina tradicional popular en la Cuenca del Caribe. Informe TRAMIL. Dep. de Farmacología, Facultad de Salud, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia.

FRIAS I, CABRERA H, GARCIA N, MORON FJ, VICTORIA MC, MOREJON Z, NOSSIN E, 2011

Efecto antiinflamatorio tópico de la decocción de partes aéreas secas de Hyptis verticillata en ratones. Informe TRAMIL. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas “Dr. Salvador Allende”, Laboratorio Central de Farmacología, La Habana, Cuba.

MORON FJ, LOPEZ M, VICTORIA MC, MOREJON Z, NOSSIN E, BOUCOURT E, FUENTES V, 2008

Acción analgésica de la decocción de partes aéreas secas de Hyptis veticillata Jacq. en ratones. Informe TRAMIL. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas “Dr. Salvador Allende”, Laboratorio Central de Farmacología, La Habana, Cuba.

GARCIA-GONZALEZ M, LIZANO V, BERROCAL B, ZUÑIGA I, 2009

Velocidad del tránsito intestinal en ratones del extracto acuoso de la raíz fresca de Hyptis verticillata, dosis única. Informe TRAMIL. PRONAPLAMED. Depto. de Fisiología, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro, Costa Rica. 16 GARCÍA-GONZÁLEZ M, BERROCAL B, MÓNERA L, SOLÉ M, ZÚÑIGA I, 2010

Velocidad del tránsito intestinal en ratones, del extracto acuoso de la raíz fresca de Hyptis verticillata, dosis repetida. Informe TRAMIL. PRONAPLAMED. Depto. de Fisiología, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro, Costa Rica. 17 GARCIA GM, COTO MT, GONZALEZ CS, PAZOS L, 1996

Toxicidad sub-crónica en ratones, del extracto acuoso de hojas y cogollos frescos de Hyptis verticillata. Informe TRAMIL. Laboratorio de Ensayos Biológicos LEBi, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro, Costa Rica.

18 GARCIA-GONZALEZ M, LIZANO V, BERROCAL B, ZUÑIGA I, 2009

Toxicidad aguda dosis repetida, en ratones, del extracto acuoso de raíz fresca de Hyptis verticillata. Informe TRAMIL. PRONAPLAMED. Depto de Fisiología, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro, Costa Rica.

Disclaimer

The information provided is for educational purposes only for the benefit of the general public and health professionals. It is not intended to take the place of either the written law or regulations. Since some parts of plants could be toxic, might induce side effects, or might have interactions with certain drugs, anyone intending to use them or their products must first consult with a physician or another qualified health care professional. TRAMIL has no responsibility whatsoever towards the user for any decision, action or omission made in relation to the information contained in this Pharmacopoeia.

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Hyptis verticillata

Vernacular names

Nicaragua:

Panama:

Nicaragua:

Honduras:

Panama:

Haiti:

Geographical distribution

Botanical description

Voucher(s)

Pharmacopoeia

References

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