Psidium guajava

Scientific name: Psidium guajava L.

Botanical family: MYRTACEAE

Vernacular names

(In territories with significant traditional TRAMIL use)

Martinique:

goyav
gwayav

Guadeloupe:

goyav
goyav
gwayav
gwayav

Haiti:

goyav
gwayav

Dominica:

goyav
gwayav

Trinidad and Tobago:

guava

Grenada:

guava

Panama:

guayaba

Mexico:

guayaba

Dominican Republic:

guayaba

Venezuela:

guayaba

Colombia:

guayaba

Guatemala:

guayaba

Honduras:

guayabo

Other vernacular names

Haiti:

Goyav
Goyav/guayaba
Gwayav

French Guiana:

Goyave
Kwiyau

Guadeloupe:

Goyave
goyave
Goyavier (gwayav)
Gwoyav

Colombia:

Guava
Guava
Guayaba

Dominica:

Guava
Guava o Gureva

Trinidad and Tobago:

Guava

Cuba:

Guayaba

Honduras:

Guayaba
Guayaba roja
Guayabo

Nicaragua:

Guayaba

Dominican Republic:

Guayaba

Venezuela:

Guayaba

Mexico:

Guayaba / pichi'

Martinique:

gwayav, goyavier

Geographical distribution

Native to tropical America, naturalised in the tropical and subtropical regions of the Old World.

Botanical description

Tree or shrub of up to 10 m in height, with scaly bark Oppositeleaves, short-petiolate, elliptic to oblong, subcoriaceous, conspicuously imprinted veins on the upper side, prominent on the underside. Solitary white flowers or in groups of 2 or 3, on thin stems; numerous stamens. Edible fruit, globular or pyriform, yellow, 3 to 6 cm in diameter.

Voucher(s)

Delens,23,VEN
Gimenez,275705-33,VEN
Girón,267,CFEH
Jiménez,41,JBSD
Medina,41,CICY
Longuefosse&Nossin,32, HAVPMC
Pinzón,21898,CUVC
Espinosa,6178,FLORPAN
Delaigue,24,NHTT
Soto,45862,CR
Fuentes,4754,ROIG

nervous breakdown

leaf, mashed, inhaled²

diarrhoea

leaf, mashed, orally^5,60

éruptions cutanées

fresh leaf, decoction, in bath, alone or together with Hamelia patens and Punica granatum, also used together with Spondias purpurea¹¹

diarrhoea

crust of the fresh stem, decoction, orally^62-64

vomiting

sprouts, decoction or infusion, orally¹

diarrhoea

fruit, natural, as food^3,5

diarrhoea

fruit, juice, with salt or sugar, orally⁷

nervous breakdown

leaf, decoction with salt and sugar, orally and rubbed, usually together with Annona muricata¹

diarrhoea

leaf, decoction or infusion (sometimes with salt or sugar), orally^1-2,6-7,9

diarrhoea

flower buds and leaf shoots, infusion, orally^{4,12,60,71-72}

diarrhoea

flower and apical bud, decoction or infusion, orally^5,8,10

juma (vertigo and weakness)

leaf, decoction, with sugar and salt, orally, usually taken together with Allium sativum and Bunchosia glandulosa¹

The fruit of Persea americana is a food of relatively widespread human consumption.

For ataque de nervios, diarrhoea, drunkenness or vomiting:
prepare a decoction or infusion with 30 grams of fresh leaves, possibly with a preference for buds or leaf sprouts, in 4 cups (1 litre) of water. For decoction, boil for 5 minutes in a covered vessel. For the infusion, add the boiling water to the 30 grams of leaves and cover. Allow to cool, possibly after adding just over
half a teaspoon (3.5 grams) of salt and 4 teaspoons (20 grams) of sugar, strain (filter) and drink 1 cup 3-4 times a day.

For skin pimples or rashes:
wash the twigs or leaves adequately, prepare a decoction with 4-5 tablespoons (30 grams) of fresh twigs or leaves in 4 cups (1 litre) of water, boil for 5 minutes in an open container. Leave to cool and strain (filter). Wash the wound with boiled water and soap, apply the preparation in the form of baths, washes or
compresses on the affected area 3 times a day.Preparations must never be stored for more than 24 hours, even if refrigerated.

According to the information available:

The use for ataque de nervios, diarrhoea, pimples on the skin and rashes is classified as REC based on the significant traditional use documented in the TRAMIL surveys, the toxicity and validation studies and the scientific information published.

If deterioration is observed in the patient or the ataque de nervios persists for more than 7 days, if in patients with diarrhoea dehydration with a dry tongue, persistent decreased skin turgor, oliguria or crying without tears, seek immediate medical attention; if the diarrhoea persists for more than 3 days or 1 day in children or the skin conditions for more than 5 days, seek medical attention.

The use of this resource in cases of diarrhoea should be considered complementary to oral rehydration therapy.

All topical application must follow strict hygiene measures in order to prevent contamination or additional infection.

The use for drunkenness (dizziness) and vomiting is classified as REC based on the significant traditional use documented in the TRAMIL surveys and the toxicity studies.

If deterioration is observed in the patient or if the drunkenness (dizziness) or vomiting persist for more than 2 days, seek medical attention.

Not for use during pregnancy, breastfeeding or in children under 3 years.

TRAMIL Works^62-63
The aqueous (0.012, 0.127, 0.636 and 1.273 mg/ml) and hexanic extract (0.053, 0.265 and 0.53 mg/ml) from dried leaves in vitro in the short-term somatic segregation induction model in Aspergillus nidulans showed no genotoxic effect.

TRAMIL Work⁶²
The powdered dried leaves in a single dose (0.5, 1 and 2 g/kg), orally in mice in the micronucleus induction in bone marrow model, showed no genotoxic effects.

TRAMIL Work⁶⁴
The LD₅₀ of the powdered dried leaves orally in mice was greater than 2 g/kg.

TRAMIL Work⁶⁵
The dried leaf powder with a single dose (2 g/kg) administered orally to rats did not cause death or obvious signs of toxicity in the 14 days of observation, nor did it show changes in the histopathological studies.

TRAMIL Work⁶⁶
The aqueous extract (50% decoction) from fresh leaves, average dose of 906.0 mg/kg/24 h for 5 days, orally in Wistar rats (10 animals per group, 5 of each sex), the control received distilled water in another 6 rats of the same characteristics (3 of each sex), LEBi repeated dose toxicity model, they were observed constantly for the first 12 hours and then every 24 for 14 days. There were no deaths or other manifestations of signs of toxicity in the treated experimental groups, only one decrease in weight in the first week in a female, which was recovered the following week. In the necropsy there was no evidence of organ
damage, and therefore the studied extract did not present toxicity in this test.

TRAMIL Work⁶⁷
The aqueous extract (decoction 4.78%), freeze-dried, from the bark of fresh stems, concentration of 333.33 mg/ml of water (1000 mg/kg/day) orally in Hsd:ICR mice 27.14 ± 2.69 g (9 males and 9 females) for 5 days with 12 additional days of observation, did not present mortality, according to the EPA. OPPTS.870.3100 protocol. The control was carried out with distilled water (0.3 ml/20 g of mouse) in another 10 mice of the
same strain and characteristics. No signs of toxicity were evident (Irwin multidimensional test) and no changes in body weight were observed more than normal on the growth curve.
The macroscopic autopsy showed no alterations in the organs.

TRAMIL Work⁶⁸
The aqueous extract (decoction 4.42%) freeze-dried, from fresh leaves, concentration of 500 mg/ml of water, topically, 4 hours daily for 5 consecutive days in 3 New Zealand rabbits, 0.5 ml in a 5 cm² quadrant with the hair cut from the back, contralateral control with water, EPA 870.2500 protocol, did not cause
oedema or erythema during the test or in the 11 additional days of observation.

The aqueous leaf extract (2 g/kg single dose), orally in rats and mice, did not cause death or obvious signs of toxicity⁶⁹.

The LD⁵⁰ of the aqueous leaf extract intraperitoneally in mice was 1.534 ± 69 mg/kg⁵⁷.

There is no information available documenting the safety of medicinal use in pregnant women, while breastfeeding or in children.

TRAMIL Work²¹
In the aqueous leaf extract (decoction), no quercetin was detected, but quercetrin was present at a concentration of 0.0059 mg/ml (equivalent to 0.0044 mg/ml of quercetin). Quercetin (0.0174 mg/ml) and quercetrin (0.0549 mg/ml) were detected in the methanolic extract.

The fruit contains essential oil: idine; β-bisabolene, δ-cadinene, caryophyllene and derivatives, α-humulene, α and β-selinene^22-24, curcumin, farnesene²²; flavonoids: guaijaverin, quercetin^21,24, leucocyanidin; triterpenes: α and β-amyrin, and derivatives, lupeol, arjunolic, asiatic, protobassic, brahmic, maslinic, ursolic acids25 and oleanolic acids^25-26; benzenoids: benzaldehyde^{23, 25}, diphenic acids, gallic acid²⁴, 2-phenethyl acetate, p-methylstyrene, toluene²³; sulfur compounds: benzothiazole, 2-methyl-thio-benzothiazole, dimethyl disulfide, dimethyl trisulfide, diisopropyl disulfide, 6-mercapto-hexan-1-ol, pentane-2-thiol, dimethyl-sulfone, 5-ethoxythiazole, 2- ethylthiophene, 2-methyl-thiophene, 3-methyl-thiophene²⁷,
steroids^25-26, lipids; coumarins^24,28; heterocyclic oxygen²³;
alkanes^23,27,29; alkenes²³.

The flower contains flavonoids: guaijaverin, quercetin^24,30, leucocyanidin²⁴, triterpenes: oleanolic acid³⁰.

The leaves contain benzenoids: amritoside (ellagic acid)³¹, gentisic acid³², pedunculagin³³, flavonoids: guajavarin, hyperoside³⁴, guaijaverin, leucocyanidin³¹, procyanidin B-1, B-2
and B-3³⁵, quercetin^31,36, isoquercetin, quercetin 3-O- gentiobioside, quercitrin34; tannins: casuarinin³⁷, guavin A38, B35, C and D38, pedunculagin, stachyurin, strictinin, isostrictinin, tellimagrandin I³⁷; triterpenes: maslinic, oleanolic and ursolic acids³⁹; monoterpenes: α-pinene⁴⁰.

The bark of the stem contains benzenoids: amritoside, ellagic acid³¹; flavonoids; tannins³⁵.

Proximate analysis of 100 g of the fruit41: calories: 69; water: 80.6%; protein: 1%; fat: 0.4%; carbohydrates: 17.3%; fibre: 5.6%; ash: 0.7%; calcium: 15 mg; phosphorus: 24 mg; iron: 0.7 mg; sodium: 4 mg; potassium: 291 mg; carotene: 75 μg; thiamine: 0.05 mg; riboflavin: 0.04 mg; niacin: 1.10 mg; ascorbic acid: 132 mg.

Proximate analysis of 100 g of dried leaves⁴¹: water: 0%; protein: 11.7%; fat: 8.7%; carbohydrates: 71.9%; fibre: 16.1%; ash: 7.7%; calcium: 1340 mg; phosphorus: 160 mg.

TRAMIL Works^42-43
The leaf tincture (20 g/100 ml of 70% v/v ethanol), dissolved in 30 ml of water (10 ml every 8 hours), orally in humans who presented with symptoms of simple acute diarrhoea, significantly increased the number of patients cured at 24, 48 and 72 hours, in relation to the control.

TRAMIL Work⁴⁴
The hydroalcoholic extract (80%) from dried leaves obtained by percolation and defatting with petroleum
ether (50, 100 and 300 mg/ml) orally in mice, model of motor activity by measuring horizontal displacements (Varimex device), caused a significant (p < 0.001) dose-dependent decrease in motor activity, which was remained in the 90 minutes following administration. The doses are expressed in weight of dried plant.

TRAMIL Work⁴⁵
The leaf tincture (20 g/100 ml of 70% v/v ethanol; 200, 400 and 800 mg drug/kg) orally in male Swiss mice, significantly decreased the intestinal transit depending on the dose.

TRAMIL Work⁴⁶
The aqueous extract (decoction 4.78%), freeze-dried, from the bark of fresh stems, concentration of 333.33 mg/ml of water (1000 mg/kg/day) orally in Hsd:ICR mice 24.3 ± 1.5 g (4 males and 4 females). The vehicle control was performed with water (0.3 ml/20 g of mouse), the positive control received pyridostigmine (3.5 mg/kg), the negative control atropine (50 mg/kg) in another 3 groups of mice with the same characteristics. Wei-Wei Zhang methodology47 The treatment administered did not modify intestinal transit under the given
experimental conditions (p > 0.05).

TRAMIL Work⁴⁸
The hydroalcoholic extract (40%) from dried leaves (107 mg/ml, 100 ml/well), in vitro in the agar plate diffusion model, inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC15008 and Escherichia coli ATCC25922 less than 50% with respect to the controls, and did not show any effect on Candida albicans
ATCC10231.

TRAMIL Works^49-50
The aqueous extract (50% decoction) from fresh stem bark and fresh leaves (100 μl/well) in vitro showed activity against Staphylococus aureus (ATCC 29737), but not against Escherichia coli (ATCC 10536) or Candida albicans (ATCC 10231).

The aqueous extract (decoction) from dried leaves (1 g of plant material in 16 ml of bidistilled water until the volume was reduced to 4 ml), in vitro (0.1, 1, 5 and 10% v/v), antibacterial activity study on virulence of common diarrhoea pathogens, colonisation of epithelial cells and the production and action of enterotoxins, quercetin controls, showed antibacterial activity against Shigella flexneri and Vibrio cholerae. It decreased the production of thermolabile Escherichia coli toxin (LT) and cholera toxin (CT), as well as their binding to ganglioside- monosialic acid (GM1). It also inhibited the adherence of enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) and the invasion by enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC) and S. flexneri into HEp-2 cells.
The results indicate that it is an effective antidiarrhoeal agent and that its effects are not due to quercetin alone⁵¹.

The aqueous leaf extract in vitro was active against Escherichia coli, Sarcina lutea, Serratia marcescens, Shigella flexneri, Staphylococcus albus and S. aureus⁵²; as well as with strains of Epidermophyton floccosum and Candida albicans⁵³.

The aqueous extract from the dried leaves (6.5, 8 and 40 mg/ml) in vitro inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis and S. typhimurium, total plate count and turbidimetry methods⁵⁴. The aqueous fruit extract (6.5 mg/ml) did not show any significant activity⁵⁴.

The aqueous leaf extract, in vitro, in a guinea pig ileum model (1 mg/ml) showed spasmolytic activity⁵⁵.

The aqueous leaf extract (decoction, 10 ml/kg), orally in rats, significantly decreased intestinal transit⁵⁶.

The aqueous extract from fresh leaves (50, 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) orally in mice and rats of both sexes, in groups of 6, with diarrhoea caused by castor oil (3 ml/kg), significantly and dose-dependently decreased intestinal transit and signs of diarrhoea⁵⁷.

The aqueous leaf extract (decoction), 10-20 g/day according to age, orally in 31 humans (1-18 years old) affected by rotavirus diarrhoea, significantly decreased healing time compared to the control receiving another treatment (Gegen Qinlian decoction) in a randomised, double-blind clinical trial⁵⁸.

The leaves in 500 mg capsules (flavonoid standardisation, quercetin 1 mg/500 mg), orally (1 capsule every 8 hours for 3 days) in adult patients with acute diarrhoeal disease significantly reduced the duration of abdominal pain in a randomised, double-blind clinical trial⁵⁹.

The aqueous and methanolic bark extracts (45 mg/ml, 0.1 ml/plate) in vitro were active against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli⁶⁰.

The aqueous extract (decoction) from stem bark in vitro was active against Entamoeba histolytica with an MIC < 10 μg/ml.
The same extract (80 μg/ml) inhibited 70% of the contractions of isolated guinea pig ileum in an organ bath with acetylcholine and/or KCl⁶¹.

Pharmacopoeia

Ed.3

References

1 GERMOSEN-ROBINEAU L, GERONIMO M, AMPARO C, 1984
Encuesta TRAMIL. enda-caribe, Santo Domingo, Rep. Dominicana.

2 HERRERA J, 1994
Encuesta TRAMIL (Costa atlántica). Laboratorio de fitofarmacología, Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Salud, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia.

3 EDOUARD JA, 1992
Enquête TRAMIL. Lycée agricole, Baie-Mahault, Guadeloupe.

4 WENIGER B, ROUZIER M, 1986
Enquête TRAMIL. Service Oecuménique d’Entraide SOE, Port au Prince, Haïti.

5 WENIGER B, 1987-88
Encuesta TRAMIL. enda-caribe, Santo Domingo, Rep. Dominicana.

6 GIRON L, 1988
Encuesta TRAMIL (Costa atlántica). Centro Mesoamericano de Tecnología CEMAT, Guatemala, Guatemala.

7 DELENS M, 1990-92
Encuesta TRAMIL. Centro al Servicio de la Acción Popular CESAP, Caracas,
Venezuela.

8 DELAIGUE J, 2005
TRAMIL survey. PRDI, Tobago House of Assembly, Scarborough, Tobago.

9 CHARLES C, 1988
TRAMIL survey. Movement for Cultural Awareness MCA, Roseau, Dominica.

10 SOLIS PN, ESPINOSA A, DE GRACIA J, MARTINEZ L, GUPTA MP, 2003
Encuesta TRAMIL (Emberá-Wounaann). Centro de Investigaciones Farmacognósticas de la Flora Panameña, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Panamá, Panamá, Panamá.

11 BALZ E, BOYER A, BURAUD M, 2007
Enquête TRAMIL à Marie-Galante. U. Bordeaux 3, U. Paris XI Chatenay-Malabry, UAG, Guadeloupe.

12 BOYER A, BURAUD M, 2007
Enquête TRAMIL à La Désirade. U. Paris XI Chatenay-Malabry, UAG, Guadeloupe.

13 BOULOGNE I, 2009
Enquête TRAMIL, (Terre-de-Bas et Terre-de-Haut) Les Saintes, UAG, Guadeloupe (FWI).

14 LONGUEFOSSE JL, NOSSIN E, 1990-95
Enquête TRAMIL. Association pour la valorisation des plantes médicinales de la Caraïbe AVPMC, Fort de France, Martinique.

15 MARCELLE G, 1996
TRAMIL survey. Produce chemist laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, St George’s, Grenada.

16 MARTINEZ M, HERNANDEZ O, HERNANDEZ J, SARMIENTO E, 2003
Encuesta TRAMIL Guajiquiro, La Paz. Laboratorio de Histolología Vegetal y Etnobotánica, Dep. de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras UNAH, Tegucigalpa, Honduras.

17 MARTINEZ M, MEDINA D, SUANSIN G, SARMIENTO E, 2003
Encuesta TRAMIL Las Marías, Gracias a Dios. Laboratorio de Histolología Vegetal y Etnobotánica, Dep. de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras UNAH, Tegucigalpa, Honduras.

18 HENDERSON C, KRISHNARAYAN V, CASTILLO J, 1996
TRAMIL survey. Belize Enterprise for Sustainable Technology BEST, Belmopan, Belize.

19 MOREJON Z, LOPEZ M, GARCIA MJ, BOUCOURT E, VICTORIA M, FUENTES V, MORON F, BOULOGNE I, ROBINEAU L, 2009
Encuesta TRAMIL preliminar a grupos de vecinos en los municipios 10 de Octubre, Lisa, Marianao, Habana del Este (Cojímar) en la Ciudad de la Habana. Laboratorio Central de Farmacología, Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de La Habana, Cuba.

20 MENDEZ M, MEDINA ML, DURAN R, 1996
Encuesta TRAMIL. Unidad de recursos naturales, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán CICY, Mérida, México.

21 SOLIS PN, OLMEDO D, BUITRAGO DE TELLO RE, GUPTA MP, 2000
Estudio fitoquímico y toxicológico de algunas plantas TRAMIL. Informe TRAMIL. Centro de Investigaciones Farmacognósticas de la Flora Panameña CIFLORPAN, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Panamá, Panamá, Panamá.

22 WILSON CW, SHAW PE, 1978
Terpene hydrocarbons from Psidium guajava. Phytochemistry 17:1435-1436.

23 MACLEOD AJ, DE TROCONIS NG, 1982
Volatile flavour components of guava. Phytochemistry 21(6):1339-1342.

24 MISRA K, SESHADRI TR, 1968
Chemical components of the fruits of Psidium guajava. Phytochemistry 7(4):641-645.

25 CHIANG H, LEE S, GUO S, 1986
Active principles of hypoglycemic effect from Psidium guajava. Part II. Asian J Pharm Suppl 6(8):58.

26 VARSHNEY I, BADHWAR G, KHAN A, SHRIVASTAVA A, 1971
Saponins and sapogenins of Sesbania grandiflora seeds, Albizzia lebbek pods and Psidium guajava fruits. Indian J Appl Chem 34(5):214-216.

27 BASSOLS F, DEMOLE EP, 1994
The occurrence of pentane-2-thiol in guava fruit. J Essent Oil Res 6(5):481-483.

28 LOWRY JB, 1968
The distribution and potential taxonomic value of alkylated ellagic acids. Phytochemistry 7(10):1803-1813.

29 DAVIS P, MUNROE K, SELHIME A, 1976
Laboratory Proc Fla State Hort Soc bioassay of volatile naturally occurring compounds against the Caribbean fruit fly. p174.

30 MAIR AGR, PANDIYAN M, VENKASUBRAMANIAN H, 1987
Polyphenolic compounds from flowers of Psidium guajava. Fitoterapia 58(3):204-205.

31 SESHADRI TR, VASISHTA K, 1965
Polyphenols of the leaves of Psidium guava-quercetin, guaijaverin, leucocyanidin and amritoside. Phytochemistry 4(6):989-992.

32 GRIFFITHS LA, 1959
On the distribution of gentisic acid in green plants. J Exp Biol 10(3):437-442.

33 KAKIUCHI N, HATTORI M, NAMBA T, NISHIZAWA M, YAMAGISHI T, OKUDA T, 1985
Inhibitory effect of tannins on reverse transcriptase from RNA tumor virus. J Nat Prod 48(4):614-621.

34 LOZOYA X, MECKES M, ABOU-AAID M, TORTORIELLO J, NOZZOLILLO C, ARNASON J, 1994
Quercetin glycosides in Psidium guajava L. leaves and determination of a spasmolytic principle. Arch Med Res 25(1):11-15.

35 OKUDA T, HATANO T, YAZAKI K, 1984
Guavin B, an ellagitannin of novel type. Chem Pharm Bull 32(9):3787-3788.

36 LUTTERODT GD, 1989
Inhibition of gastrointestinal release of acetylcholine by quercetin as a possible mode of action of Psidium guajava leaf extracts in the treatment of acute diarrhoeal disease. J Ethnopharmacol 25(3):235-247.

37 OKUDA T, YOSHIDA T, HATANO T, YAZAKI K, ASHIDA M, 1982
Tannins and related compounds in Myrtaceae. Ellagitannins of the Casuarinaceae, Stachyuraceae and Myrtaceae. Phytochemistry 21:2871-2874.

38 OKUDA T, YOSHIDA T, HATANO T, YAZAKI K, IKEGAMI Y, SHINGU T, 1987
Guavins A, C and D, complex tannins from Psidium guajava. Chem Pharm Bull 35(1):443-446.

39 OSMAN AM, YOUNES ME, SHETA AE, 1974
Triterpenoids of the leaves of Psidium guajava. Phytochemistry 13(9):2015-2016.

40 OSMAN A, EL-GARBY Y, SHETA A, 1975
Chemical examination of local plants part. VII. Psidium guajava leaf extracts. Egypt J Chem 18:347.

41 DUKE JA, ATCHLEY AA, 1986
Handbook of proximate analysis tables of higher plants. Boca Raton, USA: CRC Press. p136.

42 ECHEMENDIA C, MORON F, 1997
Efecto antidiarreico de la tintura al 20% de hojas de Psidium guajava (guayaba), en pacientes con diarrea aguda simple en atención primaria de salud. Informe TRAMIL. Laboratorio Central de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas “Dr. Salvador Allende”, La Habana, Cuba.

43 ECHEMENDIA C, 1997
Efecto antidiarreico de la tintura al 20% de hojas de Psidium guajava (guayaba), en pacientes con diarrea aguda simple en atención primaria de salud (Tesis de Maestría). Universidad Médica de La Habana, La Habana, Cuba.

44 GUPTA M, ESPOSITO AVELLA M, 1988
Evaluación química y farmacológica de algunas plantas medicinales de TRAMIL. Centro de Investigaciones Farmacognósticas de la Flora Panameña CIFLORPAN, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Panamá, Panamá, Panamá.

45 MORON F, MARTINEZ MC, MORON D, 1999
Disminución del tránsito intestinal en ratones por tintura de guayaba (Psidium guajava L.) oral. Rev Cubana Planta Med 4(2):54-56.

46 PAZOS L, QUIROS S, GONZALEZ S, 2006
Transito intestinal, en ratón, del extracto de la corteza fresca de Psidium guajava. Trabajo TRAMIL. Laboratorio de Ensayos Biológicos, LEBi, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro, Costa Rica.

47 WEI-WEI ZHANG, YAN LI, XUE-QING WANG, FENG TIAN, HONG CAO, MIN-WEI WANG, QI-SHI SUN, 2005
Effects of magnolol and honokiol derived from traditional Chinese herbal remedies on gastrointestinal movement. World J Gastroenterol 11(28):4414- 4418.

48 MARTINEZ MJ, BETANCOURT J, LOPEZ M, MOREJON Z, BOUCOURT E, MORON F, 2000
Actividad antimicrobiana in vitro de hoja de Psidium guajava L. Informe TRAMIL. Laboratorio Central de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas “Dr. Salvador Allende”, La Habana, Cuba.

49 BOUCOURT E, MARTINEZ M J, MOREJON Z, 2010
Evaluación de la actividad antimicrobiana del extracto acuoso de la corteza del tallo fresco Psidium guajava L.Informe TRAMIL. Laboratorio Central de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas “Dr. Salvador Allende”, La Habana, Cuba.

50 BOUCOURT E, MARTINEZ M J, MOREJON Z, 2010
Evaluación de la actividad antimicrobiana del extracto acuoso de la hojas frescas Psidium guajava L. Informe TRAMIL. Laboratorio Central de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas “Dr. Salvador Allende”, La Habana, Cuba.

51 BIRDI T, DASWANI P, BRIJESH S, TETALI P, NATU A, ANTIA1 N, 2010
Newer insights into the mechanism of action of Psidium guajava L. leaves in infectious diarrhoea. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine 10:33 www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6882/10/33

52 MISA C, HERNANDEZ N, ABRAHAM A, 1979
Contribution to the biological evaluation of Cuban plants. I. Rev Cubana Med Trop 31:5-12.

53 CACERES A, JAUREGUI E, HERRERA D, LOGEMANN H, 1991
Plants used in Guatemala for the treatment of dermatomucosal infections. 1: Screening of 38 plant extracts for anticandidal activity. J Ethnopharmacol 33(3):277-283.

54 GNAN SO, DEMELLO MT, 1999
Inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus by aqueous goiaba extracts. J Ethnopharmacology 68(1-3):103-108.

55 LOZOYA X, BECERRIL G, MARTINEZ M, 1990
Intraluminal perfusion model of in vitro guinea pig ileum as a model of study of the antidiarrheic properties of guava (Psidium guajava). Arch Invest Med (Mex) 21:155-162.

56 LUTTERODT G, 1992
Inhibition of microlax-induced experimental diarrhea with narcotic-like extracts of Psidium guajava leaf in rats. J Ethnopharmacol 37(2):151-157.

57 OJEWOLE JA, AWE EO, CHIWORORO WD, 2008
Antidiarrhoeal activity of Psidium guajava Linn. (Myrtaceae) leaf aqueous extract in rodents. J Smooth Muscle Res 44(6):195-207.

58 WEI L, LI Z, CHEN B, 2000
Clinical study on treatment of infantile rotaviral enteritis with Psidium guajava L. Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi 20(12):893-895.

59 LOZOYA X, REYES-MORALES H, CHAVEZ-SOTO MA, MARTINEZ-GARCIA MC, SOTO-GONZALEZ Y, DOUBOVA SV, 2002
Intestinal anti-spasmodic effect of a phytodrug of Psidium guajava folia in the treatment of acute diarrheic disease. J Ethnopharmacol 83(1-2):19-24.

60 ABDELRAHIM SI, ALMAGBOUL AZ, OMER ME, ELEGAMI A, 2002
Antimicrobial activity of Psidium guajava L. Fitoterapia 73(7-8):713-715.

61 TONA L, KAMBU K, NGIMBI N, MESIA K, PENGE O, LUSAKIBANZA M, CIMANGA K, DE BRUYNE T, APERS S, TOTTE J, PIETERS L, VLIETINCK AJ, 2000
Antiamoebic and spasmolytic activities of extracts from some antidiarrhoeal traditional preparations used in Kinshasa, Congo. Phytomedicine 7(1):31-38.

62 MARTINEZ MJ, BETANCOURT J, LOPEZ M, MOREJON Z, BOUCOURT E, MORON F, 2000
Actividad genotóxica in vitro de hoja de Psidium guajava L. Informe TRAMIL. Laboratorio Central de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas “Dr. Salvador Allende”, La Habana, Cuba.

63 BETANCOURT J, RAMOS A, VIZOSO A, MARTÍNEZ MJ, LOPEZ M, 2000
Ausencia de actividad genotóxica del extracto fluido de Psidium guajava L (guayaba) evaluada en un sistema de ensayo de Aspergillus nidulans. Rev Cubana Planta Med 5(2):38-40.

64 MARTINEZ MJ, BETANCOURT J, LOPEZ M, MOREJON Z, BARCELO H, LAINEZ A, MONTES ME, REGO R, BOUCOURT E, MORON F, 2000
Toxicidad aguda clásica de hoja de Psidium guajava L. Informe TRAMIL. Laboratorio Central de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas “Dr. Salvador Allende”, La Habana, Cuba.

65 MARTINEZ MJ, BETANCOURT J, LOPEZ M, MOREJON Z, BARCELO H, LAINEZ A, MONTES ME, REGO R, BOUCOURT E, MORON F, 2000
Toxicidad aguda de hoja de Psidium guajava L. en el modelo de clases tóxicas agudas. Informe TRAMIL. Laboratorio Central de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas “Dr. Salvador Allende”, La Habana, Cuba.

66 LOPEZ M, MOREJON Z, MARTINEZ MJ, BACALLAO Y, FUENTES V, 2009
Toxicidad aguda oral a dosis repetidas de decocción al 50% de hojas frescas de Psidium guajava L. Investigación TRAMIL. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas “Dr. Salvador Allende”, Laboratorio Central de Farmacología, La Habana, Cuba.

67 PAZOS L, COTO T, GONZALEZ S, 2006
Toxicidad oral aguda dosis repetida, en ratón, del extracto de la corteza fresca de Psidium guajava. Informe TRAMIL. Laboratorio de Ensayos Biológicos, LEBi, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro, Costa Rica.

68 PAZOS L, COTO T, GONZALEZ S, 2006
Irritabilidad dérmica, piel sana en conejos, de hoja por decocción de Psidum guajava. Informe TRAMIL. Laboratorio de Ensayos Biológicos, LEBi, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro, Costa Rica.

69 PEREZ GUTIERREZ RM, MITCHELL S, VARGAS SOLIS R, 2008
Psidium guajava: A review of its traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology. J Ethnopharmacol 117(1):1-27.

Disclaimer

The information provided is for educational purposes only for the benefit of the general public and health professionals. It is not intended to take the place of either the written law or regulations. Since some parts of plants could be toxic, might induce side effects, or might have interactions with certain drugs, anyone intending to use them or their products must first consult with a physician or another qualified health care professional. TRAMIL has no responsibility whatsoever towards the user for any decision, action or omission made in relation to the information contained in this Pharmacopoeia.

Main navigation

TRAMILibrary

Psidium guajava

Vernacular names

Martinique:

Guadeloupe:

Haiti:

Dominica:

Trinidad and Tobago:

Grenada:

Panama:

Mexico:

Dominican Republic:

Venezuela:

Colombia:

Guatemala:

Honduras:

Haiti:

French Guiana:

Guadeloupe:

Colombia:

Dominica:

Trinidad and Tobago:

Cuba:

Honduras:

Nicaragua:

Dominican Republic:

Venezuela:

Mexico:

Martinique:

Geographical distribution

Botanical description

Voucher(s)

Pharmacopoeia

References

Disclaimer